Google Inc.'s Calico life-sciences company and biopharmaceutical giant AbbVie Inc. launched a research-and-development partnership on Wednesday that will plow up to $1.5 billion into developing treatments for age-related diseases.

The agreement will help Calico, run by former Genentech executives Art Levinson and Hal Barron, build a research-and-development center in the San Francisco Bay Area to tackle diseases like neurodegeneration and cancer.

Calico and AbbVie will invest up to $250 million each and have agreed to contribute another $500 million each, depending on progress of the partnership. The companies said they would share costs and profits from the collaboration equally.

Calico will oversee early drug development and the early stages of human clinical trials for seeking approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

AbbVie said its research-and-development personnel will support Calico staff to identify, design and conduct early-stage research. AbbVie has the option to manage late-stage drug development and marketing of any drugs that pass through the early stages of trials.

Google is the main investor in Calico, which it launched with Mr. Levinson last year as one of its efforts to move beyond its Internet search roots into other industries being changed by technology. Calico has been hiring medical-research experts in the past year and recently launched a website, but the company has made few large moves until now.

Mr. Levinson, chief executive and founder of Calico, called the AbbVie partnership a "pivotal event" that will "turbocharge" the company's efforts to prolong human life.

AbbVie currently sells the prostate cancer drug Lupron and is developing potential new cancer drugs. In neuroscience, AbbVie sells Duodopa for Parkinson's disease outside the U.S., and has been developing a potential new treatment for multiple sclerosis.

Write to Alistair Barr at alistair.barr@wsj.com and Peter Loftus at peter.loftus@wsj.com

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