If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the
following box. ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous
basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act,
please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If
this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following
box. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D.
filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller
reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information, including our consolidated financial statements and
related notes incorporated in this prospectus by reference. You should carefully consider the information set forth in this entire prospectus, including the “Risk Factors” section, the applicable prospectus supplement for such securities
and the other documents we refer to and incorporate by reference. Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Cytokinetics,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Cytokinetics, Incorporated, a Delaware
corporation.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC,
using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration statement, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus, in one or more offerings, up to an aggregate offering price of $200,000,000. This
prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell any securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain more specific information about the terms of those
securities. We may also issue a free writing prospectus and/or add, update or change in a prospectus supplement any of the information contained in this prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus. This
prospectus does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement. For a more complete understanding of the offering of the securities, you should refer to the registration statement, including its exhibits. The prospectus
supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, including the risk factors, together with any
applicable free writing prospectus and the additional information described under the headings “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Information Incorporated by Reference.”
Cytokinetics, Incorporated
Cytokinetics, Incorporated is a late-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development of first-in-class muscle
activators as potential treatments for debilitating diseases in which muscle performance is compromised and or declining. Our research and development activities relating to the biology of muscle function have evolved from our knowledge and
expertise regarding the cytoskeleton, a complex biological infrastructure that plays a fundamental role within every human cell. Our most advanced research and development programs relate to the biology of muscle function and are directed to small
molecule modulators of the contractility of skeletal or cardiac muscle. We are also conducting earlier-stage research directed to other compounds with the potential to modulate muscle contractility and other muscle functions, such as growth,
energetics and metabolism.
Our drug candidates currently in clinical development are our skeletal muscle activators tirasemtiv and
CK-2127107, and our cardiac muscle activator omecamtiv mecarbil. Tirasemtiv is being evaluated for the potential treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). CK-2127107 is being evaluated for the potential treatment of spinal muscle
atrophy (“SMA”) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“COPD”) and for potential use in other indications associated with muscle weakness (including ALS) under a strategic alliance with Astellas Pharma Inc.
(“Astellas”) established in June 2013 and expanded in December 2014 and July 2016. Omecamtiv mecarbil is being evaluated for the potential treatment of heart failure under a strategic alliance with Amgen, Inc. (“Amgen”)
established in 2006.
We were incorporated in Delaware in August 1997. Our principal executive offices are located at 280 East Grand
Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080 and our telephone number at that address is (650) 624-3000. Our website address is www.cytokinetics.com. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part
of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus, and you should not consider it part of this prospectus or part of any prospectus supplement.
CYTOKINETICS and our logo used alone and with the mark CYTOKINETICS are our registered service marks and trademarks. Other service marks,
trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners.
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Risks Associated with our Business
Our business is subject to numerous risks, as described under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus
supplement and in any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, and under similar headings in the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
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The Securities We May Offer
We may offer shares of our common stock and preferred stock, and/or warrants to purchase any of such securities, either individually or in
combination, up to a total dollar amount of $200,000,000 from time to time under this prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, at prices and on terms to be determined at the time of any
offering. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer a type or series of securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific
amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities, including, to the extent applicable:
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designation or classification;
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aggregate offering price;
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rates and times of payment of interest or dividends;
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redemption, conversion, exercise, exchange or sinking fund terms;
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voting or other rights;
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conversion or exchange prices or rates and, if applicable, any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the conversion or exchange prices or rates and in the securities or other property receivable upon conversion or
exchange; and
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a discussion of material or special U.S. federal income tax considerations, if any.
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The
applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents we have incorporated by
reference. However, no prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
We may sell the securities directly to investors or to or through agents, underwriters or dealers. We, and our agents, underwriters or dealers
reserve the right to accept or reject all or part of any proposed purchase of securities. If we do offer securities to or through agents, underwriters or dealers, we will include in the applicable prospectus supplement:
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the names of those agents, underwriters or dealers;
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applicable fees, discounts and commissions to be paid to them;
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details regarding over-allotment or other options, if any; and
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the net proceeds to us, if any.
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Common Stock.
We may issue shares of our common stock
from time to time. Each holder of our common stock is entitled to one vote for each share on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, including the election of directors. Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, or
certificate of incorporation (as amended), and amended and restated bylaws, or bylaws, our stockholders do not have cumulative voting rights. Because of this, the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election
of directors can elect all of the directors standing for election, if they should so choose. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then-outstanding preferred stock, holders of
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common stock are entitled to receive ratably those dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the board of directors out of legally available funds. In the event of our
liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities and the satisfaction of
any liquidation preference granted to the holders of any then-outstanding shares of preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive, conversion or subscription rights and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to
the common stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock that we may designate in the future. In
this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the common stock under “Description of Capital Stock — Common Stock.” We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any related free writing
prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to any common stock being offered.
Preferred Stock.
We may issue
shares of our preferred stock from time to time, in one or more series. Our board of directors will determine the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of the preferred stock, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions
thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, preemptive rights, terms of redemption or repurchase, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of any series. Convertible
preferred stock will be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or other securities. Conversion may be mandatory or at your option and would be at prescribed conversion rates.
If we sell any series of preferred stock under this prospectus, we will fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of such
series of preferred stock, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or
will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock that we are offering before the issuance of the related series of preferred
stock. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the preferred stock under “Description of Capital Stock – Preferred Stock.” We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any related
free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of preferred stock being offered, as well as the complete certificate of designation that contains the terms of the applicable series of preferred stock.
Warrants.
We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock and/or preferred stock in one or more series. We may issue warrants
independently or together with common stock and/or preferred stock, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the warrants under “Description of
Warrants.” We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of warrants being offered, as well as any warrant
agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. We have filed forms of the warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates containing the terms of the warrants that may be offered as exhibits to the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant and/or the warrant
agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, that contain the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of such warrants.
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Any warrants issued under this prospectus may be evidenced by warrant certificates. Warrants also may be
issued under an applicable warrant agreement that we enter into with a warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address of the warrant agent, if applicable, in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of warrants being
offered.
Use of Proceeds
Except as
described in any applicable prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering, if any, for research and
development, general corporate purposes and working capital requirements. See “Use of Proceeds” on page
9 of this prospectus.
NASDAQ
Market Listing
Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Market under the symbol “CYTK.”
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RISK FACTORS
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before you make a decision to invest in our securities, you should carefully
consider the risks described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” contained in our annual report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2015, as filed with the SEC on March 3, 2016, and our quarterly reports on Form
10-Q for the periods ended March 31, 2016, June 30, 2016 and September 30, 2016, as filed with the SEC on May 5, 2016, August 4, 2016 and November 3, 2016 (including the amendment thereto filed on
December 15, 2016), respectively, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, as well as any amendment or update thereto reflected in our subsequent filings with the SEC. If any of these risks actually occur, our business,
operating results, prospects or financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. This could cause the trading price of our common stock, or, if applicable, other securities, to decline and you may lose part or all of your investment.
The risks described are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business, operating results, prospects or financial condition. The risks discussed below also
include forward-looking statements and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements.
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In addition to the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, you should carefully consider the risk factors
disclosed in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement when evaluating an investment in our securities. This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Reform Act of 1995 that are based upon
current expectations. It is our intent that such statements be protected by the safe harbor created thereby.
Examples of such
forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about or relating to:
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guidance concerning revenues, research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses for 2016;
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the sufficiency of existing resources to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months;
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our capital requirements and needs for additional financing;
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the initiation, design, conduct, enrollment, progress, timing and scope of clinical trials and development activities for our drug candidates conducted by ourselves or our partners, Amgen and Astellas, including the
anticipated timing for initiation of clinical trials, anticipated rates of enrollment for clinical trials and anticipated timing of results becoming available or being announced from clinical trials;
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the results from the clinical trials, the non-clinical studies and chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) of our drug candidates and other compounds, and the significance and utility of such results;
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anticipated interactions with regulatory authorities;
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the further development of tirasemtiv for the potential treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS);
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the expected acceptability by regulatory authorities of the effects of tirasemtiv on slow vital capacity or other measures of clinical benefit related to respiratory function in patients with ALS as Phase 3 clinical
trial endpoints to support the registration of tirasemtiv as a treatment for ALS;
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our and our partners’ plans or ability to conduct the continued research and development of our drug candidates and other compounds;
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the advancement of omecamtiv mecarbil into Phase 3 clinical development;
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our expected roles in research, development or commercialization under our strategic alliances with Amgen and Astellas;
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the properties and potential benefits of, and the potential market opportunities for, our drug candidates and other compounds, including the potential indications for which they may be developed;
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the sufficiency of the clinical trials conducted with our drug candidates to demonstrate that they are safe and efficacious;
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our receipt of milestone payments, royalties, reimbursements and other funds from current or future partners under strategic alliances, such as with Amgen or Astellas;
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our ability to continue to identify additional potential drug candidates that may be suitable for clinical development;
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our plans or ability to commercialize drugs with or without a partner, including our intention to develop sales and marketing capabilities;
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the focus, scope and size of our research and development activities and programs;
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the utility of our focus on the biology of muscle function, and our ability to leverage our experience in muscle contractility to other muscle functions;
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our ability to protect our intellectual property and to avoid infringing the intellectual property rights of others;
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expected future sources of revenue and capital;
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losses, costs, expenses and expenditures;
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future payments and other obligations under loan and lease agreements
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our ability to remediate the material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting described in Part I - Item 4 of our Form 10-Q/A for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 and our ability to maintain
effective internal control and procedures in the future.
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potential competitors and competitive products;
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retaining key personnel and recruiting additional key personnel;
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expected timing for recognition of compensation cost related to unvested stock options; and
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the potential impact of recent accounting pronouncements on our financial position or results of operations.
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Such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to:
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further clinical development of tirasemtiv for the potential treatment of ALS will require significant additional funding and we may be unable to obtain such additional funding on acceptable terms, if at all;
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the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and/or other regulatory authorities may not accept effects on respiratory function, including slow vital capacity, as an appropriate clinical trial endpoints to
support the registration of tirasemtiv for the treatment of ALS;
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Amgen’s decisions with respect to the timing, design and conduct of research and development activities for omecamtiv mecarbil and related compounds, including decisions to postpone or discontinue research or
development activities relating to omecamtiv mecarbil and related compounds;
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Astellas’ decisions with respect to the timing, design and conduct of research and development activities for CK-2127107 and other skeletal muscle activators, including decisions to postpone or discontinue research
or development activities relating to CK-2127107 and other skeletal muscle activators, as well as Astellas’ decisions with respect to its option to enter into a global collaboration for the development and commercialization of tirasemtiv;
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our ability to enter into strategic partnership agreements for any of our programs on acceptable terms and conditions or in accordance with our planned timelines;
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our ability to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms, if at all;
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our receipt of funds and access to other resources under our current or future strategic alliances;
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difficulties or delays in the development, testing, manufacturing or commercialization of our drug candidates;
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difficulties or delays, or slower than anticipated patient enrollment in our or partners’ clinical trials;
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difficulties or delays in the manufacture and supply of clinical trial materials;
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failure by our contract research organizations, contract manufacturing organizations and other vendors to properly fulfill their obligations or otherwise perform as expected;
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results from non-clinical studies that may adversely impact the timing or the further development of our drug candidates and other compounds;
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the possibility that the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies may delay or limit our or our partners’ ability to conduct clinical trials or may delay or withhold approvals for the manufacture and sale of our
products;
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changing standards of care and the introduction of products by competitors or alternative therapies for the treatment of indications we target that may limit the commercial potential of our drug candidates;
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difficulties or delays in achieving market access and reimbursement for our drug candidates and the potential impacts of health care reform;
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changes in laws and regulations applicable to drug development, commercialization or reimbursement;
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the uncertainty of protection for our intellectual property, whether in the form of patents, trade secrets or otherwise;
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potential infringement or misuse by us of the intellectual property rights of third parties;
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activities and decisions of, and market conditions affecting, current and future strategic partners;
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accrual information provided by our contract research organizations and other vendors;
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potential ownership changes under Internal Revenue Code Section 382; and
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the timeliness and accuracy of information filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) by third parties.
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In addition, the words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,”
“may,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.
We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans,
intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements that we make. We have included important factors in the cautionary statements included in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus,
particularly in the sections entitled “Risk Factors,” that we believe could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential
impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make. We do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We will retain broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered hereby. Unless otherwise indicated in
a prospectus supplement, the net proceeds from the sale of securities offered by this prospectus will be used for research and development, general corporate purposes and working capital requirements. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to
fund possible investments in and acquisitions of complementary businesses, partnerships, minority investments, products or technologies. Currently, there are no commitments or agreements regarding such acquisitions or investments that are material.
Pending their ultimate use, we intend to invest the net proceeds in money market funds and government backed debt securities.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERENCE SECURITY DIVIDENDS
The ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and
preferred stock dividends for each of the periods indicated is as follows:
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Fiscal Year Ended December 31,
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Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
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2011
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2012
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Ratio of earnings available to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends(1)
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4.28
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Due to our losses in years ended December 31, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, the ratio was less than 1:1. Additional earnings of $47.9 million, $40.4 million, $33.7 million, $14.6 million and $37.5 million would
have been required in each of those periods, respectively, to achieve a ratio of 1:1.
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In calculating the ratio of earnings
available to cover fixed charges and the ratio of earnings available to cover combined fixed charges and preferred dividends, “earnings” consists of net income (loss) before provisions for income taxes plus fixed charges. Fixed charges
consist of:
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one-third of our rental expense, which we believe to be representative of interest attributable to rentals.
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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized capital stock consists of 173,000,000 shares. Those shares consist of 163,000,000 shares
designated as common stock, $0.001 par value, and 10,000,000 shares designated as preferred stock, $0.001 par value. As of December 14, 2016, there were 40,615,610 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.
The following description summarizes the material terms of our capital stock. This summary is, however, subject to the provisions of our
certificate of incorporation and any applicable certificate of designations for a series of preferred stock, and the provisions of applicable law.
Common Stock
Holders of common stock are
entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our business, the holders of common stock are entitled to share equally in all assets available
for distribution after payment of all liabilities and provision for liquidation preference of shares of preferred stock then outstanding. Holders of common stock have no preemptive rights or rights to convert their common stock into any other
securities. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends declared by the board of directors, out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends,
subject to the rights of holders of preferred stock. Currently, we are not paying dividends.
Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ
Market under the symbol “CYTK.” The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Computershare. Computershare’s address is P.O. Box 43078, Providence, RI, 02940.
All outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable, and all shares of common stock offered by this prospectus, or
issuable upon conversion or exercise of securities, will, when issued, be validly issued and fully paid and non-assessable.
Preferred Stock
Pursuant to our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors has the authority, without further approval by our stockholders, to
designate and issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series. Our board of directors previously designated 8,070 of the authorized shares of preferred stock as Series A convertible preferred stock, and 23,026 of the
authorized shares of preferred stock as Series B convertible preferred stock, none of which are currently outstanding. Our board of directors may designate the powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of
each series of preferred stock, including dividend rights, dividend rate, conversion rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption (including sinking fund provisions), redemption price or prices, and liquidation preferences, any or all of
which may be greater than the rights of the common stock. Thus, without stockholder approval, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting, conversion and other rights that could dilute the voting power and
other rights of holders of our common stock, and may have the effect of decreasing the market price of the common stock.
The description
of certain provisions of the preferred stock set forth in any prospectus supplement does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our certificate of incorporation and the certificate of designations
relating to each series of preferred stock. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of any series of preferred stock being offered which may include:
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the specific designation, number of shares, seniority and purchase price;
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any liquidation preference per share and any accumulated dividends upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs;
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any redemption, repayment or sinking fund provisions;
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any dividend rate or rates, whether dividend rate is fixed or variable, the date dividends accrue, the dates on which any those dividends will be payable (or the method by which those rates or dates will be determined),
and whether dividends will be cumulative;
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if other than the currency of the United States, the currency or currencies (including composite currencies) in which the preferred stock is denominated and in which payments will or may be payable;
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the method by which amounts in respect of that series of preferred stock may be calculated and any commodities, currencies or indices, or value, rate or price, relevant to that calculation;
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whether such series of preferred stock is convertible and, if so, the securities or rights into which it is convertible, and the terms and conditions upon which those conversions will be effected;
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the place or places where dividends and other payments on that series of preferred stock will be payable;
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any additional voting, dividend, liquidation, redemption and other rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions; and
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a discussion of material U.S. federal income tax consequences, if any.
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All shares of
preferred stock offered by this prospectus, or issuable upon conversion or exercise of securities, will, when issued, be validly issued and fully paid and non-assessable.
The General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the state of our incorporation, provides that the holders of preferred stock will have
the right to vote separately as a class on any proposal involving fundamental changes in the rights of holders of that preferred stock. This right is in addition to any voting rights that may be provided for in the applicable certificate of
designation.
The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of holders of common stock and reduce the likelihood
that common stockholders will receive dividend payments and payments upon liquidation. The issuance could have the effect of decreasing the market price of the common stock. The issuance of preferred stock also could have the effect of delaying,
deterring or preventing a change in control of us.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Some Provisions of Delaware Law
Provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws could make the acquisition of our company through a tender
offer, a proxy contest or other means more difficult and could make the removal of incumbent officers and directors more difficult. We expect these provisions to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage
persons seeking to acquire control of our company to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits provided by our ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal outweigh the
disadvantages of discouraging these proposals. We believe the negotiation of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal could result in an improvement of its terms.
We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, an anti-takeover law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a
publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder, unless:
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prior to the date of the transaction, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;
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the stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding (a) shares owned
by persons who are directors and also officers, and (b) shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender
or exchange offer; or
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on or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by the board and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of
at least 66% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.
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Generally, a “business combination” includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other
transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of interested
stockholder status, did own 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting securities. We expect the existence of this provision to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions our board of directors does not approve in advance.
We also anticipate that Section 203 may also discourage attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by stockholders.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of Our Charter Documents
Our certificate of incorporation provides for our board of directors to be divided into three classes serving staggered terms. Approximately
one-third of the board of directors will be elected each year. The provision for a classified board could prevent a party who acquires control of a majority of the outstanding voting stock from obtaining control of the board of directors until the
second annual stockholders meeting following the date the acquirer obtains the controlling stock interest. The classified board provision could discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of
our company and could increase the likelihood that incumbent directors will retain their positions. Our certificate of incorporation provides that directors may be removed with cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of the outstanding shares
of common stock.
Our amended bylaws establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual
meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to the board of directors. At an annual meeting, stockholders may only consider proposals or nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the
meeting by or at the direction of the board of directors. Stockholders may also consider a proposal or nomination by a person who was a stockholder of record on the record date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has
given to our Secretary timely written notice, in proper form, of his or her intention to bring that business before the meeting. The amended bylaws do not give the board of directors the power to approve or disapprove stockholder nominations of
candidates or proposals regarding other business to be conducted at a special or annual meeting of the stockholders. However, our bylaws may have the effect of precluding the conduct of business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not
followed. These provisions may also discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company.
Under Delaware law, a special meeting of stockholders may be called by the board of directors or by any other person authorized to do so in
the certificate of incorporation or the amended bylaws. Our amended bylaws authorize a majority of the authorized directors on our board of directors, the chairperson of the board, the chief executive officer, the president or the secretary to call
a special meeting of stockholders.
Because our stockholders do not have the right to call a special meeting, a stockholder could not
force stockholder consideration of a proposal over the opposition of the board of directors by calling a special meeting of stockholders prior to such time as a majority of the board of directors believed or the chief executive officer believed the
matter should be considered or until the next annual meeting provided that the requestor met the notice requirements. The restriction on the ability of stockholders to call a special meeting means that a proposal to replace the board also could be
delayed until the next annual meeting.
Delaware law provides that stockholders may execute an action by written consent in lieu of a
stockholder meeting. However, Delaware law also allows us to eliminate stockholder actions by written consent. Elimination of written consents of stockholders may lengthen the amount of time required to take stockholder actions since actions by
written consent are not subject to the minimum notice requirement of a stockholder’s meeting. However, we believe that the elimination of stockholders’ written consents may deter hostile takeover attempts. Without the availability of
stockholder’s actions by written consent, a holder controlling a majority of our capital stock would not be able to amend our bylaws or remove directors without holding a stockholders’ meeting. The holder would have to obtain the consent
of a majority of the board of
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directors, the chairman of the board or the chief executive officer to call a stockholders’ meeting and satisfy the notice periods determined by the board of directors. Our certificate of
incorporation provides for the elimination of actions by written consent of stockholders upon the closing of this offering.
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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplement and free writing
prospectus, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, which may consist of warrants to purchase common stock and/or preferred stock and may be issued in one or more series. Warrants may be
offered independently or in combination with common stock or preferred stock offered by any prospectus supplement. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, we will
describe the particular terms of any series of warrants in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The following description of warrants will apply to the warrants offered by this prospectus unless we provide otherwise in the applicable
prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement for a particular series of warrants may specify different or additional terms.
We have filed forms of the warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates containing the terms of the warrants that may be offered as
exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form
of warrant and/or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, that contain the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of such warrants. The following
summaries of material terms and provisions of the warrants are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the form of warrant and/or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, and any
supplemental agreements applicable to a particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement related to the particular series of warrants that we may offer under this
prospectus, as well as any related free writing prospectus, and the complete form of warrant and/or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, and any supplemental agreements, that contain the terms of the warrants.
General
We will describe in the applicable prospectus
supplement the terms of the series of warrants being offered, including, to the extent applicable:
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the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered;
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the currency for which the warrants may be purchased;
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the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;
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the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;
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the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise;
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the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreements and the warrants;
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the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;
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any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants;
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the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire;
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the manner in which the warrant agreements and warrants may be modified;
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a discussion of material or special U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants;
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the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and
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any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.
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Before
exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including the right to receive dividends, if any, or, payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding
up or to exercise voting rights, if any.
Exercise of Warrants
Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price
that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. The warrants may be exercised as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants offered. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, warrants may be
exercised at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.
Upon receipt of payment and the warrant or warrant certificate, as applicable, properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust
office of the warrant agent, if any, or any other office, including ours, indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If less than all of the warrants (or
the warrants represented by such warrant certificate) are exercised, a new warrant or a new warrant certificate, as applicable, will be issued for the remaining warrants.
Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants
Each warrant agent, if any, will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or
relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the
applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder
of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants.
Governing Law
Unless we provide
otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the warrants and warrant agreements, and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to the warrants or warrant agreements, will be governed by and construed in accordance with the
laws of the State of New York.
Outstanding Warrants
As of December 14, 2016, we have outstanding warrants to purchase 4,291,072 shares of our common stock. Of the outstanding warrants,
4,157,598 will remain exercisable until June 25, 2017, 65,189 will remain exercisable until October 19, 2020 and 68,285 will remain exercisable until February 10, 2021. Each outstanding warrant holder is prohibited from exercising the
outstanding warrants and obtaining shares of common stock if, as a result of such exercise, the holder and its affiliates would own more than 9.98% of the total number of shares of our common stock then issued and outstanding.
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LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES
We can issue securities in registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We describe global securities in greater detail
below. We refer to those persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee, depositary or warrant agent maintain for this purpose as the “holders” of those securities. These persons
are the legal holders of the securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names, as “indirect holders” of those securities. As we discuss
below, indirect holders are not legal holders, and investors in securities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders.
Book-Entry Holders
We may issue
securities in book-entry form only, as we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary
on behalf of other financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of
themselves or their customers.
Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security.
Securities issued in global form will be registered in the name of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for securities issued in global form, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all
payments on the securities to the depositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so
under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the securities.
As a result, investors in a global security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global
security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary’s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect
holders, and not legal holders, of the securities.
Street Name Holders
We may terminate a global security or issue securities in non-global form. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in
their own names or in “street name.” Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial
interest in those securities through an account he or she maintains at that institution.
For securities held in street name, we or any
applicable trustee or depositary will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those securities, and we or any applicable trustee or depositary
will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are
legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not holders, of those securities.
Legal Holders
Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee and of any third parties employed by us or a trustee, run only
to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect
holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form.
For example, once we make a payment or
give a notice to the legal holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that legal holder is required, under agreements with its participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does
not do so. Similarly, we may want to obtain the approval of the legal holders to amend an indenture, to relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our obligation to comply with a particular provision of the indenture or for other purposes. In
such an event, we would seek approval only from the holders, and not the indirect holders, of the securities. Whether and how the legal holders contact the indirect holders is up to the legal holders.
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Special Considerations for Indirect Holders
If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form because the securities are represented
by one or more global securities or in street name, you should check with your own institution to find out:
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how it handles securities payments and notices;
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whether it imposes fees or charges;
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how it would handle a request for the holders’ consent, if ever required;
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whether and how you can instruct it to send you securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that is permitted in the future;
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how it would exercise rights under the securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and
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if the securities are in book-entry form, how the depositary’s rules and procedures will affect these matters.
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Global Securities
A global security is a
security that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms.
Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we issue to, deposit with and register in the name of a
financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, DTC will be the depositary for all
securities issued in book-entry form.
A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the
depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under “Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated.” As a result of these arrangements, the
depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and legal holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be
held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a
legal holder of the security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security.
If the prospectus supplement
for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued in global form only, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times unless and until the global security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue
the securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system.
Special Considerations for Global Securities
The rights of an indirect holder relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor’s financial
institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security.
If securities are issued only in the form of a global security, an investor should be aware of the following:
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an investor cannot cause the securities to be registered in his or her name, and cannot obtain non-global certificates for his or her interest in the securities, except in the special situations we describe below;
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an investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his or her own bank, broker or other financial institution for payments on the securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the securities, as
we describe above;
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an investor may not be able to sell interests in the securities to some insurance companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry form;
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an investor may not be able to pledge his or her interest in a global security in circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order
for the pledge to be effective;
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the depositary’s policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor’s interest in a global security;
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we and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary’s actions or for its records of ownership interests in a global security, nor do we or any applicable trustee supervise the
depositary in any way;
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the depositary may, and we understand that DTC will, require that those who purchase and sell interests in a global security within its book-entry system use immediately available funds, and your bank, broker or other
financial institution may require you to do so as well; and
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financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in a global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and
other matters relating to the securities.
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There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for
an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries.
Special Situations When a Global Security Will
Be Terminated
In a few special situations described below, the global security will terminate and interests in it will be exchanged
for physical certificates representing those interests. After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks, brokers or other financial
institutions to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred to their own name, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above.
Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the global security will terminate when the following special situations
occur:
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if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified to continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution to act as depositary within 90 days;
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if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish to terminate that global security; or
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if an event of default has occurred with regard to securities represented by that global security and has not been cured or waived.
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The prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series
of securities covered by the applicable prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and not we or any applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct
holders.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, direct sales to the public, “at the market”
offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods. We may sell the securities to or through underwriters or dealers, through agents, or directly to one or more purchasers. We may distribute securities from time to
time in one or more transactions:
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at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;
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at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;
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at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or
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A prospectus supplement or supplements (and any related free writing
prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including, to the extent applicable:
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the name or names of the underwriters, if any;
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the purchase price of the securities or other consideration therefor, and the proceeds, if any, we will receive from the sale;
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any over-allotment or other options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;
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any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation;
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any public offering price;
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any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and
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any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed.
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Only underwriters
named in the prospectus supplement will be underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.
If underwriters are used
in the sale, they will acquire the securities for their own account and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of
the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by
underwriters without a syndicate. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement, other than securities covered by any over-allotment or other option. Any
public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the
underwriter, the nature of any such relationship.
We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We
will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts
basis for the period of its appointment.
We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional
investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions
to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.
We may provide
agents and underwriters with indemnification against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Agents and
underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.
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All securities we may offer, other than common stock, will be new issues of securities with no
established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any
securities.
Any underwriter may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids in
accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the
stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum price. Syndicate-covering or other short-covering transactions involve purchases of the securities, either through exercise of the over-allotment option or in the open market after the distribution
is completed, to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short
positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time.
Any underwriters or agents that are qualified market makers on the NASDAQ Market may engage in passive market making transactions in the
common stock on the NASDAQ Market in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the common stock. Passive market makers must
comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all
independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the
securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
In
compliance with guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, the maximum consideration or discount to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker dealer may not exceed 8% of the aggregate amount of the securities
offered pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.
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LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of securities offered hereby will be passed upon by Cooley LLP, Palo Alto, California. Additional legal matters may be
passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we name in the applicable prospectus supplement.
EXPERTS
The financial statements and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial
reporting (which is included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting) incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 have been so incorporated
in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. We have filed with the SEC a Registration
Statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of common stock we are offering under this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement and the exhibits to the
Registration Statement. For further information with respect to us and the securities we are offering under this prospectus, we refer you to the Registration Statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as a part of the Registration Statement. You
may read and copy the Registration Statement, as well as our reports, proxy statements and other information, at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of these documents by writing
to the SEC and paying a fee for the copying cost. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the public reference rooms. Our SEC filings are also available at the SEC’s web site at http://www.sec.gov.
INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus the information we filed with the SEC. This means that we can
disclose important information by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings (including
those made after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to effectiveness of such registration statement) made by us with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the
Exchange Act (other than reports or portions furnished under Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K) until we file a post-effective amendment that indicates the termination of the offering of the securities made by this prospectus and will become a part of
this prospectus from the date that such documents are filed with the SEC. Information in such future filings updates and supplements the information provided in this prospectus. Any statements in any such future filings will automatically be deemed
to modify and supersede any information in any document we previously filed with the SEC that is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference to the extent that statements in the later filed document modify or replace such earlier
statements.
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•
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our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015;
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|
•
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|
the information specifically incorporated by reference into our 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K referred to above from our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A, filed on March 30, 2016;
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•
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our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2016, June 30, 2016 and September 30, 2016;
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•
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our amendment to our quarterly report on
Form 10-Q/A
for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2016;
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21
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•
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our current reports on Form 8-K dated January 4, 2016, January 11, 2016, February 12, 2016, February 25, 2016, April 4, 2016, May 20, 2016, May 23, 2016, July 1, 2016, July 27, 2016, August 17, 2016, September 1, 2016,
September 8, 2016, September 19, 2016, September 29, 2016, October 18, 2016, November 23, 2016, December 1, 2016, December 1, 2016, December 5, 2016, December 7, 2016, December 9, 2016 and
December 12, 2016;
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•
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our current reports on Form 8-K dated February 16, 2016, April, 28, 2016, July 28, 2016 and October 27, 2016 (in each case, as to information therein explicitly filed with the SEC only); and
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•
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the description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on March 12, 2004, and any further amendment or report filed hereafter for the purpose of updating any
such description.
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Copies of documents incorporated by reference, excluding exhibits except to the extent those exhibits are
specifically incorporated by reference, are available from us without charge, upon oral or written request to:
Cytokinetics, Incorporated
280 East Grand Avenue
South
San Francisco, California 94080
United States of America
Attn: Investor Relations
(650)
624-3000
22
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The aggregate estimated expenses to be paid by the Registrant in connection with this offering are as follows:
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Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee
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$
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23,180
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Accounting fees and expenses
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125,000
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Legal fees and expenses
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200,000
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Printing Fees
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10,000
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Miscellaneous
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6,820
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Total
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$
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365,000
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Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Under Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, we can indemnify any person who is, or is threatened to be made, a party to any
threatened, pending or completed legal action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative other than action by us or on our behalf, by reason of the fact that such person is or was one of our officers or directors,
or is or was serving at our request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and
reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, provided that such officer or director acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to our best interests, and, for
criminal proceedings, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was illegal. Under Delaware law, we may also indemnify officers and directors in an action by us or on our behalf under the same conditions, except that no indemnification
is permitted without judicial approval if the officer or director is adjudged to be liable to us in the performance of his or her duty. Where an officer or director is successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action referred to
above, we must indemnify him or her against the expenses which such officer or director actually and reasonably incurred.
Our certificate
of incorporation contains a provision to limit the personal liability of our directors for violations of their fiduciary duty. This provision eliminates each director’s liability to us or our stockholders for monetary damages to the fullest
extent permitted by Delaware law. The effect of this provision is to eliminate the personal liability of directors for monetary damages for actions involving a breach of their fiduciary duty of care, including actions involving gross negligence.
Our bylaws provide for indemnification of our officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.
We have also entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and officers. The indemnification agreements provide indemnification
to our directors and officers under certain circumstances for acts or omissions which may not be covered by directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. We have also obtained directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, which
insures against liabilities that our directors or officers may incur in these capacities.
II-1
Item 16. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated by reference herein:
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Exhibit
Number
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Description of Document
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1.1*
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Form of Underwriting Agreement.
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3.1 (1)
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Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
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3.2 (2)
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Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
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3.3 (3)
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Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
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3.4 (4)
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Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
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3.5 (5)
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Amended and Restated Bylaws.
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4.1 (6)
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Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
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4.2 (7)
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Registration Rights Agreement, dated December 29, 2006, by and between the Registrant and Amgen, Inc.
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4.3 (8)
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Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, originally issued June 25, 2012.
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4.4 (9)
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Form of Common Stock Warrant Issued Pursuant to that certain Loan and Securities Agreement, dated as of October 19, 2015, by and among the Company, Oxford Finance LLC and Silicon Valley Bank.
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4.5
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Form of Common Stock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate.
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4.6
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Form of Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate.
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5.1
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Opinion of Cooley LLP.
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12.1
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Statement of Computation of Ratio of Earnings Available to Cover Combined Fixed Charges and Preference Security Dividend.
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23.1
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Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
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23.2
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Consent of Cooley LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
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24.1
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Power of Attorney of certain directors and officers of Cytokinetics, Incorporated (included on the signature page hereof).
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(1)
|
Incorporated by reference from our registration statement on Form S-3, registration number 333-174869, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 13, 2011.
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(2)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 4, 2011.
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(3)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 25, 2013.
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(4)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 20, 2016.
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(5)
|
Incorporated by reference from our registration statement on Form S-1, registration number 333-112261, declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2004.
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(6)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 9, 2007.
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(7)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 3, 2007.
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(8)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 6, 2012.
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II-2
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(9)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 3, 2016.
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*
|
To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated by reference herein, if applicable.
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II-3
Item 17. Undertakings
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(a) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”);
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities
offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the
Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective
registration statement; and
(iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed
in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that
paragraphs (a)(i), (ii) and (iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or
Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of
the registration statement.
(b) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective
amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the
termination of the offering.
(d) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
(i) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the
date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed
pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a)
of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the
offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to
the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
Provided, however,
that no statement made in a
registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as
to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document
immediately prior to such effective date.
(e) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act
to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the
II-4
undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such
purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule
424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or
referred to by the undersigned registrant; (iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned
registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
(f) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the
registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated
by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(g) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, (i) the information omitted from the form of prospectus
filed as part of the registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(l) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be a part of the
registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and (ii) each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(h) To file an application for the
purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.
(i) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is
therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful
defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by
controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securitites Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
II-5
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe
that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of South San Francisco, State of California, on the 16
th
day of December, 2016.
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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED
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By:
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/s/ Robert I. Blum
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Robert I. Blum
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President and Chief Executive Officer
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II-6
POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned officers and directors of Cytokinetics, Incorporated, and each of us, do hereby constitute and appoint each and any of
Robert I. Blum and Sharon A. Barbari, our true and lawful attorney and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, to (i) do any and all acts and things in our name and behalf in any and all capacities and to execute any and all
instruments for us in our names, in connection with this registration statement or any registration statement for the same offering that is to be effective upon filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all
exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including specifically, but without limitation, power and authority to sign for us or any of us in our names in the capacities indicated
below, any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) hereto, (ii) act on, sign and file such certificates, instruments, agreements and other documents as may be necessary or appropriate in connection therewith, (iii) act on
or file any supplement to any prospectus included in this registration statement or any such amendment or any subsequent registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act, and (iv) take any and all actions which may be
necessary or appropriate to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person; and we hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorney and agent, or his or her substitute, shall do or cause to be done by virtue
thereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons
in the capacities and as of the dates indicated.
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Signature
|
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Title
|
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Date
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|
/
S
/ R
OBERT
I.
B
LUM
Robert I. Blum
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President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
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December 16, 2016
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/
S
/ S
HARON
A.
B
ARBARI
Sharon A. Barbari
|
|
Executive Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)
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|
December 16, 2016
|
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/
S
/ L. P
ATRICK
G
AGE
,
P
H
.D.
L. Patrick Gage, Ph.D.
|
|
Chairman of the Board of Directors
|
|
December 16, 2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
/
S
/ S
ANTO
J.
C
OSTA
Santo J. Costa
|
|
Director
|
|
December 16, 2016
|
|
|
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|
/
S
/ J
OHN
H
ENDERSON
, M.B.
C
H
.B.
John Henderson, M.B. Ch.B.
|
|
Director
|
|
December 16, 2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
/
S
/ B. L
YNNE
P
ARSHALL
B. Lynne Parshall
|
|
Director
|
|
December 16, 2016
|
|
|
|
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|
/
S
/ S
ANDFORD
D.
S
MITH
Sandford D. Smith
|
|
Director
|
|
December 16, 2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
/
S
/ W
ENDELL
W
IERENGA
,
P
H
.D.
Wendell Wierenga, Ph.D.
|
|
Director
|
|
December 16, 2016
|
|
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/
S
/ E
DWARD
M. K
AYE
,
M.D.
Edward M. Kaye, M.D.
|
|
Director
|
|
December 16, 2016
|
II-7
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
Number
|
|
Description of Document
|
|
|
|
|
1.1*
|
|
Form of Underwriting Agreement.
|
|
|
|
|
3.1 (1)
|
|
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
|
|
|
|
|
3.2 (2)
|
|
Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
|
|
|
|
|
3.3 (3)
|
|
Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
|
|
|
|
|
3.4 (4)
|
|
Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
|
|
|
|
|
3.5 (5)
|
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws.
|
|
|
|
|
4.1 (6)
|
|
Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
|
|
|
|
|
4.2 (7)
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated December 29, 2006, by and between the Registrant and Amgen, Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
4.3 (8)
|
|
Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, originally issued June 25, 2012.
|
|
|
|
|
4.4 (9)
|
|
Form of Common Stock Warrant Issued Pursuant to that certain Loan and Securities Agreement, dated as of October 19, 2015, by and among the Company, Oxford Finance LLC and Silicon Valley Bank.
|
|
|
|
|
4.5
|
|
Form of Common Stock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate.
|
|
|
|
|
4.6
|
|
Form of Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate.
|
|
|
|
|
5.1
|
|
Opinion of Cooley LLP.
|
|
|
|
|
12.1
|
|
Statement of Computation of Ratio of Earnings Available to Cover Combined Fixed Charges and Preference Security Dividend.
|
|
|
|
|
23.1
|
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
|
|
|
|
|
23.2
|
|
Consent of Cooley LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
|
|
|
|
|
24.1
|
|
Power of Attorney of certain directors and officers of Cytokinetics, Incorporated (included on the signature page hereof).
|
|
(1)
|
Incorporated by reference from our registration statement on Form S-3, registration number 333-174869, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 13, 2011.
|
|
(2)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 4, 2011.
|
|
(3)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 25, 2013.
|
|
(4)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 20, 2016.
|
|
(5)
|
Incorporated by reference from our registration statement on Form S-1, registration number 333-112261, declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2004.
|
|
(6)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 9, 2007.
|
|
(7)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 3, 2007.
|
|
(8)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 6, 2012.
|
|
(9)
|
Incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-50633), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 3, 2016.
|
|
*
|
To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated by reference herein, if applicable.
|
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